| Common Name | Avocado |
| Botanical Name | Persea americana |
| Family | Lauraceae |
| Origin/Distribution | Native to Central America and Mexico; now cultivated in tropical and Mediterranean regions worldwide, including the United States (California, Florida), South America, Israel, and Africa. |
| Main Phytochemicals | - Monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid)
- Phytosterols (beta-sitosterol)
- Tocopherols (Vitamin E)
- Carotenoids (e.g., lutein, zeaxanthin)
- Polyphenols (e.g., catechins, procyanidins)
- Glutathione |
| Medicinal Uses | - Cardioprotective properties due to high content of monounsaturated fats
- Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties
- Supports eye health (lutein and zeaxanthin)
- Beneficial for skin and hair health
- May aid in lowering cholesterol and blood pressure |
| Nutritional Content | - High in potassium, magnesium, and fiber
- Rich in Vitamins E, C, K, and B-complex vitamins (especially folate)
- Contains healthy fats, primarily monounsaturated fats |
| Edible Parts | Fruit (flesh) is widely consumed
Seed and leaves have some traditional medicinal uses but are less commonly consumed due to potential toxicity. |
| Potential Toxicity | The seed and leaves contain persin, which can be toxic to animals and potentially harmful to humans if consumed in large quantities. Overconsumption of avocados may lead to allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. |
| Uses in Traditional Medicine | - Used in traditional medicine for wound healing, digestive issues, and skin disorders
- Avocado oil is applied to the skin to treat dry skin and as a hair moisturizer
- Leaves and seeds have been used in traditional remedies for inflammation and diarrhea |
| Industrial Uses | - Avocado oil is widely used in the cosmetic, skincare, and food industries
- Avocado extracts are utilized in dietary supplements and functional foods
- The fruit is processed into guacamole, salads, and used in smoothies and as a spread |
| Antioxidant Activity | Avocado is rich in antioxidants, such as tocopherols, polyphenols, and carotenoids, which help reduce oxidative stress and may protect against various diseases, including cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. |
| Other Bioactivities | - Anti-cancer activity due to carotenoids and polyphenols
- Antimicrobial properties
- Potential neuroprotective effects |
| Culinary Uses | - Eaten raw or used in salads, sandwiches, and dips like guacamole
- Avocado oil is used for cooking and salad dressing
- Widely used in smoothies, desserts, and health food products |
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