Azadirachta indica

Botanical/Scientific name : Azadirachta indica

Known as : Neem

Phyto Properties of Neem

Azadirachta indica also known as Neem is a tree known for its numerous health benefits and is widely used in traditional medicine. The phyto profile of neem includes a variety of bioactive compounds, mainly in its leaves, seeds, and bark. Here are some key components:

Leaves

  1. Nimbin: A terpenoid that has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties.
  2. Nimbidin: Exhibits significant antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities.
  3. Quercetin: A flavonoid known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  4. Sodium nimbinate: Possesses antimicrobial properties.
  5. Azadirachtin: A compound with potent insecticidal properties, also found in seeds.

Seeds

  1. Azadirachtin: The most studied compound, used as an insect repellent and for its insecticidal properties.
  2. Nimbin and Nimbidin: Similar to the leaves, these compounds provide antibacterial and antifungal benefits.
  3. Fatty Acids: Including oleic acid and linoleic acid, which have moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Bark

  1. Polysaccharides: Exhibit immunomodulatory and antitumor activities.
  2. Nimbin and Nimbidin: Present in lesser concentrations compared to leaves and seeds.
  3. Tannins: Have astringent properties and are used in treating diarrhea and skin diseases.

Flowers

  1. Flavonoids: Provide antioxidant benefits.
  2. Essential Oils: Possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

General Bioactive Compounds

  • Triterpenoids: Such as gedunin and mahmoodin, known for their anti-malarial properties.
  • Limonoids: Contribute to neem's bitter taste and are effective against various pests.
  • Steroids: Including beta-sitosterol, which has anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects.

Neem's rich phyto profile makes it valuable in agriculture, medicine, and skincare, providing a range of therapeutic and protective benefits.

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